Od za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia spotrebitelia \u010doraz viac spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 modern\u00fdch pr\u00e1\u010dok. Star\u0161ie spotrebi\u010de boli \u010dasto jednoduch\u0161ie, \u013eah\u0161ie opravite\u013en\u00e9 a mohli zosta\u0165 v prev\u00e1dzke mnoho rokov. Modern\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u010dky pon\u00fakaj\u00fa lep\u0161iu energetick\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165, viac programov, tich\u0161iu prev\u00e1dzku a elektronick\u00e9 ovl\u00e1danie, no niektor\u00e9 z nich sa stali n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00edmi a drah\u0161\u00edmi na opravu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f4vody t\u00fdchto zmien nes\u00favisia iba s kvalitou v\u00fdrobkov, ale aj so zmenami na trhu dom\u00e1cich spotrebi\u010dov, v\u00fdrobn\u00fdmi met\u00f3dami a kon\u0161trukciou modern\u00fdch pr\u00e1\u010dok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V prvej polovici 20. storo\u010dia boli pr\u00e1\u010dky pomerne drah\u00e9 a e\u0161te neboli be\u017enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017edej dom\u00e1cnosti. Zavedenie plne automatick\u00fdch pr\u00e1\u010dok v 50. rokoch zmenilo trh a v\u00fdrazne u\u013eah\u010dilo pranie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u010f\u017ee pr\u00e1\u010dka predstavovala v\u00fdznamn\u00fa invest\u00edciu, spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 a reput\u00e1cia zna\u010dky boli d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdmi konkuren\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami. V\u00fdrobcovia si museli z\u00edska\u0165 d\u00f4veru spotrebite\u013eov a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 bola aj opravite\u013enos\u0165, preto\u017ee v\u00fdmena spotrebi\u010da bola n\u00e1kladn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V tomto obdob\u00ed sa pr\u00e1\u010dky stali masovo vyr\u00e1ban\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobkami. V\u00fdrobcovia medzi sebou s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eili zvy\u0161ovan\u00edm spo\u013eahlivosti, prid\u00e1van\u00edm nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed a v\u00fdvojom pohodlnej\u0161\u00edch kon\u0161trukci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mnoh\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u010dky pou\u017e\u00edvali pomerne jednoduch\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 komponenty. Motory, \u010derpadl\u00e1, remene, sp\u00edna\u010de a lo\u017eisk\u00e1 sa \u010dasto dali vymeni\u0165 samostatne. Opravy tak boli jednoduch\u0161ie a pr\u00e1\u010dka mohla zosta\u0165 v prev\u00e1dzke mnoho rokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Koncom 80. a za\u010diatkom 90. rokov sa pr\u00e1\u010dky stali be\u017en\u00fdmi na mnoh\u00fdch rozvinut\u00fdch trhoch. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa v\u0161ak trh postupne nas\u00fdtil, v\u00fdrobcovia \u010delili nov\u00e9mu probl\u00e9mu: spotrebitelia, ktor\u00ed u\u017e mali funk\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00e1\u010dku, nepotrebovali kupova\u0165 nov\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V 90. a 2000. rokoch dopyt po pr\u00e1\u010dkach na rozv\u00edjaj\u00facich sa trhoch na\u010falej r\u00e1stol. Na etablovan\u00fdch trhoch sa v\u0161ak predaj n\u00e1hradn\u00fdch spotrebi\u010dov st\u00e1val \u010doraz d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm. Mnoh\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvali pr\u00e1\u010dky zak\u00fapen\u00e9 pred 15 alebo viac rokmi a tieto spotrebi\u010de sa postupne bl\u00ed\u017eili ku koncu svojej \u017eivotnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa pr\u00e1\u010dky st\u00e1vali \u010doraz sofistikovanej\u0161\u00edmi. Elektronick\u00e9 riadiace syst\u00e9my, digit\u00e1lne displeje, \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie motory, senzory a \u010fal\u0161ie pracie programy postupne nahr\u00e1dzali jednoduch\u0161ie mechanick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich gener\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdroba sa tie\u017e \u010doraz viac globalizovala. S cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady za\u010dali v\u00fdrobcovia nakupova\u0165 komponenty a montova\u0165 v\u00fdrobky v medzin\u00e1rodnom meradle. Pr\u00e1\u010dky r\u00f4znych zna\u010diek mali \u010dasto podobn\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu aj komponenty, zatia\u013e \u010do cena sa stala d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm faktorom pri rozhodovan\u00ed o k\u00fape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Po roku 2010 sa konkurencia na mnoh\u00fdch trhoch e\u0161te viac zintenz\u00edvnila. V\u00fdrobcovia sa zamerali na zni\u017eovanie v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov a stalo sa be\u017en\u00fdm, \u017ee rovnak\u00fd \u0161pecializovan\u00fd v\u00fdrobca komponentov dod\u00e1val s\u00fa\u010diastky pre nieko\u013eko r\u00f4znych zna\u010diek. V d\u00f4sledku toho mohli pr\u00e1\u010dky od r\u00f4znych v\u00fdrobcov pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 podobn\u00e9 komponenty, aj ke\u010f sa hotov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky pred\u00e1vali pod r\u00f4znymi zna\u010dkami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edch rozdielov medzi star\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00e1\u010dkami a niektor\u00fdmi modern\u00fdmi modelmi je ich opravite\u013enos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Niektor\u00e9 modern\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u010dky napr\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa utesnen\u00e9 alebo nerozoberate\u013en\u00e9 zostavy bubna. Lo\u017eisk\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 integrovan\u00e9 do zostavy bubna, \u010do v\u00fdrazne s\u0165a\u017euje ich v\u00fdmenu. Oprava, ktor\u00e1 bola pri star\u0161ej pr\u00e1\u010dke pomerne jednoduch\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017ee dnes vy\u017eadova\u0165 rozsiahlu demont\u00e1\u017e alebo v\u00fdmenu celej zostavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elektronick\u00e9 komponenty predstavuj\u00fa podobn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Ak sa pokaz\u00ed jedin\u00fd komponent v riadiacom syst\u00e9me, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 vymeni\u0165 cel\u00fa riadiacu dosku namiesto jednotliv\u00e9ho komponentu. Modern\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 komponenty s\u00fa men\u0161ie a hustej\u0161ie integrovan\u00e9, \u010do \u010doraz viac s\u0165a\u017euje opravy na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch komponentov. N\u00e1js\u0165 chybn\u00fd komponent, odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 ho a nain\u0161talova\u0165 n\u00e1hradn\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee vy\u017eadova\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo \u010dasu a \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 vybavenie, v d\u00f4sledku \u010doho m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 oprava ekonomicky nev\u00fdhodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hlavn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom preto nemus\u00ed by\u0165 to, \u017ee modern\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u010dky sa kazia \u010dastej\u0161ie. V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom to, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 poruchy sa stali n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00edmi a drah\u0161\u00edmi na opravu. Pr\u00e1\u010dka, ktor\u00fa bolo kedysi mo\u017en\u00e9 opravi\u0165 v\u00fdmenou jedn\u00e9ho mechanick\u00e9ho dielu, m\u00f4\u017ee dnes vy\u017eadova\u0165 v\u00fdmenu ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej a drah\u0161ej zostavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 zastar\u00e1vanie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia sa \u010dasto ozna\u010duje ako \u201epl\u00e1novan\u00e9 zastar\u00e1vanie\u201c<\/strong>, \u010do nazna\u010duje, \u017ee v\u00fdrobok je z\u00e1merne navrhnut\u00fd s obmedzenou \u017eivotnos\u0165ou a \u017ee n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 alebo drah\u00e9 opravy motivuj\u00fa spotrebite\u013eov k jeho v\u00fdmene namiesto opravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na opravu alebo n\u00edzka opravite\u013enos\u0165 v\u0161ak samy osebe nedokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u00fdrobca z\u00e1merne navrhol pr\u00e1\u010dku tak, aby sa pred\u010dasne pokazila. V\u00fdrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, integrovan\u00e9 komponenty, n\u00e1klady na pracovn\u00fa silu, technologick\u00e9 zmeny a klesaj\u00face ceny nov\u00fdch spotrebi\u010dov m\u00f4\u017eu prispieva\u0165 ku krat\u0161ej ekonomicky opodstatnenej \u017eivotnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Napriek tomu rast\u00faca zlo\u017eitos\u0165 a n\u00e1klady na opravu niektor\u00fdch dom\u00e1cich spotrebi\u010dov vyvolali obavy z pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho zastar\u00e1vania, \u017eivotnosti v\u00fdrobkov a dlhodobej udr\u017eate\u013enosti modern\u00fdch dom\u00e1cich spotrebi\u010dov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ke\u010f sa pr\u00e1\u010dka vyhod\u00ed namiesto opravy, materi\u00e1ly a energia pou\u017eit\u00e9 na jej v\u00fdrobu sa v podstate str\u00e1caj\u00fa. V\u00fdroba nov\u00e9ho spotrebi\u010da si vy\u017eaduje kovy, plasty, elektronick\u00e9 komponenty, energiu a dopravu, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Preto sa opravite\u013enos\u0165 stala \u010doraz d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1\u010dka navrhnut\u00e1 tak, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 vymie\u0148a\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 komponenty, m\u00f4\u017ee potenci\u00e1lne zosta\u0165 v prev\u00e1dzke o mnoho rokov dlh\u0161ie ako pr\u00e1\u010dka, pri ktorej si relat\u00edvne mal\u00e1 porucha vy\u017eaduje v\u00fdmenu cel\u00e9ho drah\u00e9ho komponentu alebo zostavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V d\u00f4sledku toho vl\u00e1dy zaviedli predpisy, ktor\u00fdch cie\u013eom je podpori\u0165 dlh\u0161iu \u017eivotnos\u0165 v\u00fdrobkov a jednoduch\u0161ie opravy. V Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii sa napr\u00edklad od 1. marca 2021<\/strong> uplat\u0148uj\u00fa po\u017eiadavky na pr\u00e1\u010dky pre dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 a pr\u00e1\u010dky so su\u0161i\u010dkou. Tieto po\u017eiadavky ukladaj\u00fa v\u00fdrobcom povinnos\u0165 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 dostupnos\u0165 viacer\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00fdch dielov po\u010das najmenej 10 rokov po uveden\u00ed posledn\u00e9ho kusu konkr\u00e9tneho modelu na trh<\/strong>. Dokument 32019R2023<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Medzi pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 komponenty patria motory, \u010derpadl\u00e1, tlmi\u010de, pru\u017einy, bubny, lo\u017eisk\u00e1, vykurovacie teles\u00e1, hadice, ventily, elektronick\u00e9 dosky plo\u0161n\u00fdch spojov, displeje, senzory a termostaty. Zahrnut\u00e9 s\u00fa aj ur\u010dit\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa softv\u00e9ru a firmv\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010eal\u0161ie komponenty, ako s\u00fa dvierka, p\u00e1nty, tesnenia dvierok, z\u00e1mky dvierok a d\u00e1vkova\u010de prac\u00edch prostriedkov, musia by\u0165 tie\u017e dostupn\u00e9 a\u017e 10 rokov<\/strong>. Okrem toho mus\u00ed by\u0165 mo\u017en\u00e9 niektor\u00e9 komponenty vymeni\u0165 pomocou be\u017ene dostupn\u00e9ho n\u00e1radia bez toho, aby do\u0161lo k trval\u00e9mu po\u0161kodeniu spotrebi\u010da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tieto pravidl\u00e1 neznamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee pr\u00e1\u010dka mus\u00ed zo z\u00e1kona fungova\u0165 10 rokov. Ich cie\u013eom je zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby boli v pr\u00edpade poruchy potrebn\u00e9 n\u00e1hradn\u00e9 diely na\u010falej dostupn\u00e9 na opravu, v\u010faka \u010domu je praktickej\u0161ie pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 \u017eivotnos\u0165 spotrebi\u010da.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Od za\u010diatku 21. storo\u010dia spotrebitelia \u010doraz viac spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 modern\u00fdch pr\u00e1\u010dok. Star\u0161ie spotrebi\u010de boli \u010dasto jednoduch\u0161ie, \u013eah\u0161ie opravite\u013en\u00e9 a mohli zosta\u0165 v prev\u00e1dzke mnoho rokov. Modern\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u010dky pon\u00fakaj\u00fa lep\u0161iu energetick\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165, viac programov, tich\u0161iu prev\u00e1dzku a elektronick\u00e9 ovl\u00e1danie, no niektor\u00e9 z nich sa stali n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00edmi a drah\u0161\u00edmi na opravu. D\u00f4vody t\u00fdchto zmien nes\u00favisia iba s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-domace-spotrebice","category-pracky-a-susicky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13103,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13101\/revisions\/13103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Environment\u00e1lny probl\u00e9m<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n