{"id":2406,"date":"2022-10-05T12:03:34","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T12:03:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/?p=2406"},"modified":"2022-10-05T12:03:35","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T12:03:35","slug":"co-je-ethereum-2-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/co-je-ethereum-2-0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je Ethereum 2.0?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Protokol Ethereum je v mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch dobre zaveden\u00fd. Dlho pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 aktualiz\u00e1cia Etherea m\u00e1 zlep\u0161i\u0165 \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 siete prechodom na mechanizmus konsenzu zalo\u017een\u00fd na d\u00f4kaze podielu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>\u010co potrebujete vedie\u0165 o Ethereum 2.0<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Bitcoin sa m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 najvy\u0161\u0161ou kapitaliz\u00e1ciou spomedzi kryptomien, ale Ethereum je domovom najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho blockchainov\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu na svete. A to v\u0161etko v\u010faka podpore inteligentn\u00fdch kontraktov: softv\u00e9rov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fd sa automaticky vykon\u00e1va pri splnen\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch podmienok bez sprostredkovate\u013eov. V skuto\u010dnosti v\u0161etky blockchainov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie (decentralizovan\u00e9 kryptografick\u00e9 burzy, hry, \u00faverov\u00e9 protokoly, tokeny NFT at\u010f.) be\u017eia na inteligentn\u00fdch kontraktoch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa na tejto sieti vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa najm\u00e4 decentralizovan\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 zmluvy DeFi a \u010fal\u0161ie aplik\u00e1cie. Ke\u010f\u017ee sie\u0165 Ethereum je ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rna, za\u017e\u00edva aj ve\u013ek\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie. V d\u00f4sledku toho Ethereum nezvl\u00e1da ve\u013ek\u00fd pr\u00edlev transakci\u00ed a transakcie s\u00fa pomal\u00e9. V d\u00f4sledku toho (je to vlastn\u00e9 protokolu Ethereum) rastie prov\u00edzia za prevod pe\u0148az\u00ed v r\u00e1mci siete (tzv. &#8220;gas&#8221; alebo poplatok za plyn).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 siete, bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a energetick\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 sa v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri rozhodli implementova\u0165 Ethereum 2.0. Tu je teda to, \u010do by ste mali vedie\u0165 o Ethereum 2.0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>\u010co je Proof-of-Stake v sieti Ethereum<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prechod na nov\u00fd protokol sa uskuto\u010dn\u00ed v \u0161tyroch f\u00e1zach. Po\u010das nultej f\u00e1zy bol nasaden\u00fd konsenzus Proof-of-Stake (PoS) v signaliza\u010dnom blockchaine Beacon Chain a otestovan\u00e1 jeho funk\u010dnos\u0165. Beacon Chain funguje ako testovacia sie\u0165, v ktorej sa bude vykon\u00e1va\u0165 valid\u00e1cia a stohovanie blockchainu, ako aj rev\u00edzia metodiky v\u00fdpo\u010dtu n\u00e1kladov na plyn a tvorby prov\u00edzi\u00ed. V bud\u00facnosti bude Beacon Chain koordinova\u0165 pr\u00e1cu v\u0161etk\u00fdch podriaden\u00fdch prvkov (shard chains a hlavnej aktu\u00e1lnej siete PoW).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Algoritmus PoW (Proof-of-Work) v sieti Ethereum, rovnako ako v in\u00fdch sie\u0165ach, zah\u0155\u0148a \u0165a\u017eiarov, ktor\u00ed rie\u0161ia kryptografick\u00e9 \u00falohy na vytvorenie bloku. Pod\u013ea toho ten, kto ako prv\u00fd vyrie\u0161i \u00falohu, dostane na svoj \u00fa\u010det nov\u00e9 tokeny &#8211; ETH. Tento konsenzus znamen\u00e1 vysok\u00fa spotrebu energie v sieti, preto\u017ee zariadenie potrebuje na svoju prev\u00e1dzku energiu. Trp\u00ed t\u00fdm aj \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 (schopnos\u0165 siete vykon\u00e1va\u0165 viac transakci\u00ed), preto\u017ee \u0161k\u00e1lovanie znamen\u00e1 zavedenie nov\u00fdch \u0165a\u017eobn\u00fdch kapac\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na vyrie\u0161enie tohto probl\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri predstavili konsenzu\u00e1lny algoritmus Proof-of-Stake, ktor\u00fd bol spusten\u00fd ako testovac\u00ed re\u017eim 1. decembra 2020. V r\u00e1mci tohto konsenzu sa v sieti objavili nov\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci &#8211; valid\u00e1tori, ktor\u00ed kontroluj\u00fa transakcie (valid\u00e1ciu) na \u00fakor svojich akt\u00edv v ETH a dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa za ne nov\u00e9 tokeny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa \u0161tyri f\u00e1zy prechodu na nov\u00fd algoritmus Proof-of-Stake v sieti Ethereum<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa prechod na nov\u00fd algoritmus PoS v \u0161tyroch etap\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>F\u00e1za 0 &#8211; re\u0165azec maj\u00e1kov.<\/strong><ul><li>Beacon Chain je nov\u00fd blockchain v sieti Ethereum, ktor\u00fd je overovan\u00edm Proof-of-Stake.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tento blockchain pride\u013euje valid\u00e1torov a monitoruje ich pr\u00e1cu, vyber\u00e1 tvorcu \u010fal\u0161ieho bloku a rozde\u013euje odmeny za valid\u00e1ciu a v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 siete.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>F\u00e1za 1 &#8211; Sharding.<\/strong><ul><li>V tejto f\u00e1ze sa do siete pridaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie blockchainy, ktor\u00fdch bude 64. P\u00f4jde o takzvan\u00e9 Shard Chains (&#8220;shards&#8221; alebo \u0161k\u00e1lovacie blockchainy).<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Po spusten\u00ed tejto f\u00e1zy bude v sieti 65 blockchainov, pri\u010dom Beacon Chain bude hlavn\u00fdm a bude zohr\u00e1va\u0165 \u00falohu &#8220;dozorcu&#8221;.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ostatn\u00fdch 64 \u010dast\u00ed sa pou\u017eije na \u0161k\u00e1lovanie siete.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Zatia\u013e \u010do v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 Ethereum len jeden blockchain, v bud\u00facnosti ich bude 65, \u010do r\u00e1dovo zv\u00fd\u0161i priepustnos\u0165 celej siete.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>F\u00e1za 1.5 &#8211; Zl\u00fa\u010denie PoW blockchainu s nov\u00fdm PoS blockchainom.<\/strong><ul><li>V tejto f\u00e1ze bude PoW blockchain len jedn\u00fdm z mnoh\u00fdch blockchainov v novej zjednotenej sieti. PoW blockchain u\u017e nebude podporova\u0165 mechanizmus Proof-of-Work.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Pod\u013ea predstavy v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov sa s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd PoW-blockchain stane len jedn\u00fdm zo shardov novej siete, \u00falo\u017eiskom d\u00e1t.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>F\u00e1za 2 &#8211; prechod na nov\u00fd sp\u00f4sob fungovania.<\/strong><ul><li>V tejto f\u00e1ze pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri zavies\u0165 do ETH 2.0 inteligentn\u00e9 zmluvy a pon\u00faknu\u0165 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rom tret\u00edch str\u00e1n vlastn\u00fd \u0161tandard na vytv\u00e1ranie ich minc\u00ed a zml\u00fav.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Inteligentn\u00e9 zmluvy u\u017e funguj\u00fa v ETH 1.0.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokia\u013e ide o \u00fapln\u00fd prechod na Ethereum 2.0, presn\u00fd d\u00e1tum zatia\u013e nie je zn\u00e1my. Zhruba sa tak stane v roku 2022 alebo 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>Ako sa zapoji\u0165 do st\u00e1vkovania ETH 2.0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa chcete sta\u0165 valid\u00e1torom a sami &#8220;st\u00e1vkova\u0165&#8221; ETH, mus\u00edte do staking poolu (uzla) vlo\u017ei\u0165 aspo\u0148 32 ETH. Potom sa valid\u00e1tor za\u010dne podie\u013ea\u0165 na vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed nov\u00fdch blokov a za valid\u00e1ciu dostane odmenu v ETH. V novom konsenze bude odmena men\u0161ia ako v starom protokole PoW, preto\u017ee odpad\u00e1 potreba kompenzova\u0165 energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady \u0165a\u017eiarov. Konsenzus PoS navy\u0161e po\u010d\u00edta so spa\u013eovan\u00edm \u010dasti transak\u010dn\u00fdch poplatkov, \u010do ovplyvn\u00ed celkov\u00fd po\u010det Etherov v obehu a ich cenu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161ka odmeny bude z\u00e1visie\u0165 od celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu ETH v z\u00e1lohe valid\u00e1torov: \u010d\u00edm viac minc\u00ed je zablokovan\u00fdch, t\u00fdm ni\u017e\u0161ia bude odmena. Rob\u00ed sa to tak, aby ke\u010f po\u010det &#8220;stakerov&#8221; ve\u013emi narastie, nov\u00ed neprich\u00e1dzali (jednoducho to nie je potrebn\u00e9), a ke\u010f po\u010det &#8220;stakerov&#8221; klesne, nov\u00ed bud\u00fa ma\u0165 z\u00e1ujem pr\u00eds\u0165, aby sa sie\u0165 udr\u017eala v chode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento syst\u00e9m odmien je navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby motivoval pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov sta\u0165 sa na za\u010diatku valid\u00e1tormi a chr\u00e1ni\u0165 tak sie\u0165. Potom, ke\u010f po\u010det uzlov valid\u00e1torov narastie, v\u00fdnos z kolkovania klesne (pozri obr\u00e1zok ni\u017e\u0161ie), preto\u017ee sie\u0165 u\u017e bude dostato\u010dne chr\u00e1nen\u00e1. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa valid\u00e1tormi bude chcie\u0165 sta\u0165 menej \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed n\u00e1jdu vyu\u017eitie pre svoje Ethery napr\u00edklad v protokoloch DeFi. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom si bud\u00fa DeFi a Staking navz\u00e1jom konkurova\u0165 z h\u013eadiska ziskovosti, ale pritom sa bud\u00fa navz\u00e1jom podporova\u0165 a posil\u0148ova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Tab-TV neposkytuje \u017eiadne poradenstvo v oblasti invest\u00edci\u00ed, spr\u00e1vy pe\u0148az\u00ed ani obchodovania.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Protokol Ethereum je v mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch dobre zaveden\u00fd. Dlho pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 aktualiz\u00e1cia Etherea m\u00e1 zlep\u0161i\u0165 \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 siete prechodom na mechanizmus konsenzu zalo\u017een\u00fd na d\u00f4kaze podielu. \u010co potrebujete vedie\u0165 o Ethereum 2.0 Bitcoin sa m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 najvy\u0161\u0161ou kapitaliz\u00e1ciou spomedzi kryptomien, ale Ethereum je domovom najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho blockchainov\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu na svete. A to v\u0161etko v\u010faka podpore inteligentn\u00fdch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2407,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[155],"class_list":{"0":"post-2406","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-sprievodcovia","8":"tag-ethereum"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2406"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2408,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2406\/revisions\/2408"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/global.tab-tv.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}